List of Contributors xi
Foreword xiii
About Peter Emily xv
Acknowledgements xvii
Introduction xix
Part I A History of Veterinary Dentistry and of Teeth, and Dental Therapy of Wild Animals 1
1 History of Veterinary Dentistry, Including Development of Oral and Dental Treatment of Wild and Zoo, Safari Park and Refuge Animals 3
Colin E. Harvey
2 Odontology: A History of Teeth 7
Peter P. Emily
3 Special Considerations Regarding Equipment and Instruments 11
4 Dental Form and Function as it Relates to Dental Therapy of Wild Animals 19
5 Carnivore Dental Therapy 29
5A Conventional (Standard/Normograde) Endodontics Overview 29
5B Surgical Endodontics 39
5C Periodontics 43
5D Caries and Endodontic Access Preparation and Restoration 44
5E Combined Endodontic-Periodontal Therapy 45
5F Oral Surgery 48
6 Herbivore Endodontic Therapy 59
6A Standard and Surgical Endodontics 59
7 Marsupial and Herbivore Abscesses 63
8 Elephant Dentistry 65
8A Tusk Therapy for Hog, Walrus, Elephant and Hippopotamus 66
8B Practical Elephant Dentistry 69
Gerhard Steenkamp
9 Primate Dentistry 79
9A Endodontics 79
9B Caries and Restorative Dentistry 82
9C Periodontal Disease 86
10 Avian Fractured and Maloccluded Beaks 87
10A Beak Fracture Repair: Materials and Methods 88
10B Orthobeakics 92
10C Beak Repair for Amphibians 97
10D Beakistry: Orthognathic Corrections and Surgical Repair of Avian Beaks 99
Roberto S. Fecchio
11 Marine Mammal Dentistry 119
Steven E. Holmstrom
12 Practical Anesthesia for Captive Wild Animals 131
Felicia Knightly
Part II Pertinent Dental Information, of 352 Species most often treated in Sanctuaries and Zoos 139
13 Carnivores: Families: Felid, Bear, Canid, Racoon, Weasel, Civet, Hyena 141
13A Big Cats 143
13B Small Cats 151
14 The Bear Family 155
14A Big Bears 155
14B Small Bears 159
15 The Primates 161
15A Lower Primates: Prosimians: Prosimii – Long Face, Prominent Whiskers, Slightly Sideways-Looking Eyes, Nocturnal 162
15B Higher Primates 166
16 Tree Shrews 177
17 The Dog Family 179
18 The Racoon Family 185
19 The Weasel Family: Weasels and Polecats 189
20 The Mongoose Family: Viverridae Civets and Genets Binturong 195
21 The Hyena Family: Strictly Carnivores 199
22 Marsupials 201
23 Larg Herbivores: The Ungulates 209
23A Primitive Ungulates 209
23B The Hoofed Mammals 213
24 Small Herbivores: Rodents 245
24A Squirrel-Like Rodents 245
24B Mouse-Like Rodents 250
24C Cavy-Like Rodents 255
24D Other Cavy-Like Rodents 258
24E Old World Porcupines 259
25 Lagomorphs 261
26 Elephant-Shrew 265
27 Insectivores 267
28 Edentates 271
29 Bats 275
30 Monotremes 277
31 Marine Mammals 279
31A Whales, Porpoises, and Dolphins 279
31B Seals and Sea Lions 283
31C Sea Cows and Manatees 287
32 Amphibians 289
33 Reptiles 291
34 Avian 295
34A Birds of Prey 295
34B Scavangers 298
34C Psittacine Birds 301
34D Ground-nesting Birds and Shorebirds 303
34E Aquatic Birds 308
Appendix I Taxonomy 315
Appendix II Types of Dentition 317
Appendix III Dental Formulas 319
Appendix IV Feeding Adaptations 333
Glossary of Dental Terms 335
Further Reading 339
Index 341
