Acknowledgements | p. viii |
Introduction | p. 1 |
What Does the Public Find in Zoos? | p. 5 |
The lay person's conception | p. 5 |
Conceptions presupposed by animal welfare/liberation and animal rights | p. 7 |
The zoo's conception | p. 10 |
The zoological conception | p. 11 |
Conclusion | p. 15 |
Animals in the Wild | p. 16 |
Natural evolution and natural selection | p. 16 |
Trajectory and the distinction between 'by themselves' and 'for themselves' | p. 17 |
Implications of natural evolution/natural selection in the light of the notion of trajectory | p. 20 |
Conclusion | p. 24 |
'Wild Animals in Captivity': Is This an Oxymoron? | p. 25 |
'Wild animals in captivity' | p. 25 |
Freshly caught 'wild animals in captivity' | p. 26 |
'Wild' is the antonym of 'tame' | p. 27 |
Conclusion | p. 29 |
Decontextualised and Recontextualised | p. 30 |
Geographical dislocation and relocation | p. 31 |
Recontextualised as a collection of exhibits | p. 32 |
Habitat dislocation and relocation: the naturalistic environment | p. 35 |
Conclusion | p. 41 |
Lifestyle Dislocation and Relocation | p. 42 |
Spatial miniaturisation in habitat simulation | p. 42 |
Hotelification | p. 47 |
Conclusion | p. 49 |
Suspension of Natural Evolution | p. 51 |
Medication | p. 51 |
Suspension of natural evolution | p. 52 |
Conclusion | p. 57 |
Domestication and Immuration | p. 58 |
Domestication: how it is normally defined | p. 58 |
Immuration | p. 64 |
Conclusion | p. 78 |
Biotic Artefacts | p. 81 |
Artefacts | p. 81 |
Biotic artefacts | p. 82 |
Type/token distinction revisited | p. 86 |
Conclusion | p. 88 |
Justifications Deemed Serious | p. 89 |
Scientific research | p. 90 |
Conservation | p. 93 |
Education | p. 101 |
Conclusion | p. 110 |
Justification Deemed Frivolous | p. 112 |
Why frivolous? | p. 112 |
Shared presuppositions | p. 113 |
Conclusion | p. 116 |
Philosophy and Policy | p. 118 |
The zoological conception and its ontological presuppositions | p. 118 |
The zoo conception and its ontological presuppositions | p. 119 |
The lay conception and its ontological presuppositions | p. 120 |
Philosophy of animal welfare | p. 121 |
Philosophy of animal rights | p. 121 |
Policy conclusions | p. 122 |
Conclusion | p. 125 |
Summary of ontological implications for policy making | p. 127 |
Environmental Enrichment or Enrichment | p. 128 |
Notes | p. 132 |
References and Select Bibliography | p. 166 |
Index | p. 171 |
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