What is traditional Islam? -- Contentious issues debated in Islamic circles today. Islam in the present-day Islamic world : an overview ; Jih?d : its spiritual significance ; Islamic work ethics ; The male and the female in the Islamic perspective : remembering certain basic principles ; Traditional twelve-imam Sh??ism and the reality of Sh??ism today -- Traditional Islam and Modernism. Islamic spirituality : reflections on conditions today and prospects for tomorrow ; "Development" in the contemporary Islamic world -- Tensions between tradition, Modernism, and "fundamentalism". Education. Islamic education, philosophy, and science : a survey in light of present-day challenges ; Islamic philosophers' views on education ; Philosophy and science. Teaching philosophy in light of the Islamic educational ethos ; Traditional Islamic science and Western science : common heritage, diverse destinies ; Art and architecture. Islamic art and its spiritual significance in the contemporary world ; The architectural transformation of the urban environment in the Islamic world ; The principles of Islamic architecture and urban design, and contemporary urban problems -- Postscript. The Islamic world : present tendencies and future trends -- Appendix I. The traditional tests used in the Persian Madrasahs and the question of the revival of traditional Islamic education -- Appendix II. Philosophy in the present-day Islamic world -- Appendix III. Western interpreters of the Islamic tradition : academic scholars. A, In commemoration of Louis Massignon : Catholic scholar, Islamicist, and mystic ; B, Henry Corbin : the life and works of the Occidental exile in quest of the Orient of Light -- Appendix IV. Islam and some of the major Western traditionalists. A, René Guénon and his influence on the Islamic world ; B, Frithjof Schuon and the Islamic tradition ; C, With Titus Burckhardt at the tomb of Mu?y? al-D?n ibn ?Arab? ; D, Martin Lings and his Islamic legacy.